赤壁td攻略(硬笔行书练字技巧)

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赤壁td攻略,硬笔行书练字技巧?

行书,是一种书法统称,分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展,是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体,是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。"行"是"行走"的意思,因此它不像草书那样潦草,也不像楷书那样端正。

赤壁td攻略(硬笔行书练字技巧)

行书特点

行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体,自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。

行笔增速

行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上,不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折,还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快,造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。

笔画线条多变

楷如立,行如走,行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔,笔画之间增加呼应等,下面仅从四个方便加以说明:

附笔连接

所谓附笔,就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画(比较细、比较虚)。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时,出现附钩;与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑;长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩,看上去与“钩”没有什么不同,实际上是撇画的附钩。如图:

这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显,使笔画脉络相通,活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意,这些附钩、附挑的出现,是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹,不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。

以圆代方

行书的转折笔画,方笔明显减少,而以圆代替方折,这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔,圆转而过,使笔画圆润自然。如图:

变直为弧

楷书要求横平竖直,而行书的横竖由于行笔增快,为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系,长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图:

但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形,如中竖就要挺直,即便是稍带有弧形的笔画,也要有一定的力度,柔中见刚。

以简代繁

楷书的笔画各自独立,其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范,一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时,为了书写简便,往往将相邻的笔画连写,合并线条,或对楷书的某些部位做了简化,减少起、收笔的次数。

楷书的钩画,在书写行书时,多省略了起钩。如图:

行书的基本笔画点画,可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图:

行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔,减少了笔画数,使书写更加方便。如图:

笔顺变化

行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则,但为了连写便捷,一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形,有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。如图(楷书6笔,行书3笔):

体势变化

由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化,其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况:

1、一个字有多种写法

如“是”字下半部分,“花”字的字头,写得有放有缩,同中有异,多样而统一,颇有趣味。如图:

2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚,略带攲斜,自成新的体势

如横画可以较大幅度上斜,笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势,使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了,避免了楷书的呆板。如图:

行书运笔技巧

笔画运行

硬笔行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。

所谓起笔,就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左为起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,等等。起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。例如:

提笔、按笔

硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。如图:

翻笔、折笔

翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折,都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而有力。如图:

侧笔

侧笔主要取字的姿态,笔画的下笔处比较方折,显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横,“永、广”等字的侧点,“志”字的中竖,“个”字的斜撇等,都是侧笔写成的。如图:

涩笔

涩笔,书写时故意放慢行笔速度,认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感,多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图:

游笔

游笔似行云流水,用笔流畅、便捷,多用于钩画字的轮廓,以增加线条的流动。如图:

掠笔

掠笔也叫牵丝,书写时将笔轻提,一带而过。掠笔的作用是牵引笔画,加强上一笔画与下一笔画之间的联系。但要注意,掠笔使用要自然,不能笔笔都用牵丝或人为地去描摹。如图:

叠笔

叠笔,就是在原来的行笔路线上重返进行。这种方法,可以使局部笔画变得丰润。需要注意的是重叠的距离不能过长。如图:

行书笔画

基本笔画

笔画是构成字的基本要素,练习基本笔画是书写汉字的基本功训练。行书笔画是在楷书笔画的基础上增加速度和流动感,有时可直接使用楷法,有时增加牵丝,钩挑或弧形笔画。

1、带勾点是由点带出勾挑,如“不”字,目的是牵引下一字。写法是先顺势写长点,用笔要由轻而重、由左而右,勾时再用力顿一下,然后迅速向左下勾出。带勾点要有一定的弯势,不能生硬僵直;线条要遭劲流利,不能软弱迟疑。

2、带下点是指上下两点一笔带下,如“淤”(于)字。写法是落笔写上点,用力顿一下,再提笔写下点,最后再用力顿一下,迅速勾出。上点略侧,下点稍平,上下点之间,用一细细的牵丝相连。使上下连贯、粗细分明,有形态、有动势。

3、带右点是由左点带出右点,如“以”字。写法是用笔轻落重按先写左点,然后提笔写右点,略顿一下用力向右上趯出,趯勾要短小。写带右点时左点要大右点要小,如两点差不多大,就缺少变化。

4、合二点是指左右两点相呼相应,如“六”字。写法是轻落重按写左点,然后用力向右上勾出,再顺着勾势写右点,最后用力向左下撇出。合二点虽然中间没有牵丝相连,但要一气呵成,左点与右点之间应左高右低,遥相呼应。

1、下勾横是指横画下面带勾,如“然”字。“然”字下面本来是四点,现改写为一横画,是采用了草书写法。写法是落笔略顿,再向右写横,至末端用力折笔向左下勾出。

2、上挑横是指横画上面带挑,如“古”字。写法是在写好一横后,再用力一顿翻笔上挑而出.上挑横与下勾横不同处是末端收笔的方向不一样,前者上挑,后者下勾;上挑是为了顺势写上画,下勾是为了开启下笔。

1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬,如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬,不能东斜西倒。

2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂,如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下写竖画,至末端再略顿一下,回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻,两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快,竖中带挺呈曲势,如人挺立,显得精神饱满。

3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾,如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后,末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势,并非一味地端直。

4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾,如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画,至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右,后者曲勾向下、由右而左;前者是承上笔,后者是启下画。

1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上,如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重,随着向左下写撇,至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔,并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。

2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上,如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同,只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说,回锋撇往往是撇后写竖,笔势角度小,挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺,笔势角度大。

3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法,撇端尖尖的,如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重,然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出,撇时要轻灵不要迟疑,而且力要送到撇尖。

4、平撇平撇在字头,短小而平,如“重”字。写法是落笔重,略顿,随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄,短小尖锐。

1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长,如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配,如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔,略横行,接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力,随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折,故又称“波画”。

2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋,如“天”字。写法与斜捺同,只是最后回锋收笔,露出下尖勾,目的是为了书写下一字。

3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来,如“木”字。写法是轻落笔,触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔,然后用力向左下勾出。

4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点,接着顺势写一竖,再提笔向右拐弯,然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点,一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬,二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。

5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用,因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之,如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔,略横,随着向右下用笔,然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样,形态是一波三折,有一种流动的势态。

6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑,如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后,捺脚不平出,而是顺势上挑成勾状,目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法,不可勉强为之。

1、短挑是挑画的一种,线条短小,如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出,短小精锐,恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿,随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。

2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写,如“福”字。写法是先写一撇,然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出,撇折挑要注意折处,书写时点画务必交待清楚,不能含含糊糊,拖泥带水。

1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪,如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画,然后转笔向左行笔,再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法,形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。

2、戈勾即戈字勾,如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔,然后纵笔而下,勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲,刚中含柔见纵势。

3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出,如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画,拐弯时折笔而下,然后宛转提笔写下弯画,再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角,勾尖要向内,对着字心首画。

4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名,如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重,接着用笔向下写直画,随即提笔拐弯写横,最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂,鹅身平正,方正中呈圆势,态度雍容大方,气宇轩昂不几。

5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样,回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式,如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折,然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外,是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利,向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。

1、横勾折是指横画加折勾,如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画,折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明,而且转折要自然有力。

2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾,如“问”字。写法是先写竖画,要心胸挺起,折时不妨笔略提起,再顿下去,然后迅速向左上勾出。

3、曲折在行书中用得很多,凡是撇捺连续快写都成曲折,如“根”字。写法是落笔写撇画,接着向右折笔,再随即向下勾。曲折形似闪电,富于动态。

4、撇捺折是撇捺的连写,但书写较工整,如“衣”字。写法是落笔稍重,再逐渐提笔写撇,然后回锋向右下方写反捺,即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写,要有折的风味。

5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯,如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横,再折笔写弯,接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲,弯曲自然舒展。

6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾,如“序”字。写法是写好横画后,接着翻笔写撇,撇要成内包势,随即趁势向右上勾出。

7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法,如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖,随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽,用笔要流畅明净。

行书偏旁

行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化,不能千篇一律。此外,部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法,或者借助于楷书用意连,或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝,又要靠笔势,过多地使用牵丝,如果形连势不能连,整个字仍是盘散沙。

食字旁

侧锋落笔写撇,随即回锋写横勾折,接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称,是一笔写成。

衣字旁

首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔,撇点用撇提代替,改变示字旁的书写顺序。

弓字旁

先落笔写横折,再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成,不能用两笔或三笔写成。

虫字旁

落笔写短斜竖,再顺势写横竖折,接着回锋写下横,然后翻笔向上写竖折挑,为了便于书写,行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。

马字旁

落笔写出折勾,再回笔写竖横折勾,最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画,以便书写右面点画。

页字旁

页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长,抗肩,中间用小撇画,不要太长,撇画的起笔位置稍靠左,第二个撇画的弯度较大一些,但不要写的太长,最后撇画带出小钩,呼应最后一点。

舌字旁

首先平撇要短,角度稍平,竖写短,横可稍长,但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。

田字旁

田字旁也是写小,且整体稍向右上斜。

行书章法

行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体,是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性,形态又多变化,丰富奇彩、意到笔随,可塑性大,利于发挥艺术效果,实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作,通篇结构,引领管带,首尾呼应,一气呵成,各尽意志,气适流动,起伏随势,巧布虚陈,寄情寓意,无不淋漓尽致,酣畅爽快,令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。

章法特点

行书由于笔画、结构变化较大,形体各异,加之书写风格不同,因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态,有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别,使行书作品千姿百态,异彩纷呈,构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此,行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多,具有如下特点:

笔势多取纵势

由于行书笔画活泼流动,笔画之间有牵纵行带,前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切,如取纵势,更显得如行云流水,气韵贯通,给人以一气呵成之势。

疏密变化自如

行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外,在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰,能自由地调整疏密位置与布白,达到疏密得当,布白奇妙的效果。

参差错落有致

行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外,而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化,这样,整体布局显得活泼灵动,妙趣横生。

行气直抒胸臆

由于行书书写速度较快,行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融,最能直接表达书者的情感,增加作品的感染力。

谋篇技巧

以动为主

楷书的章法以静为主要特征,给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉;行书章法则以动为主要特征,给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。

前人出书法要“师造化”,凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态,都可借鉴到行、草书中去,以增强行书作品的动感,丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品,也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书,这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。

虽然行书强调动感,但并不是随意为之、不要法度,它仍要遵循一定的规律,以严谨求灵变,避免过于放纵。

以不齐求齐

楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称,排列整齐,以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小,间隔有疏密排列,有错落变化,以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整,以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品,初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐,行与行之间的距离也相等,一气呵成,浑然一体,气韵生动,但细看起来,我们不难发现,字与字并不对齐,有的偏左,有的偏右,左右动荡不写,行与行之间的距离也不相等,有的紧,有的松,没有定则,即所谓的“行书无写法”,需要我们多实践、多体会。

具有节奏变化

一幅好的行书作品,就象一首抒情的歌曲,时而婉转平和,时而高亢豪迈,时而如行云流水,时而如电闪雷鸣,几经曲折,波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄,这种渲泻是有节奏的,体现了行书作品的节奏美。

前后呼应

行书作品最注重首字,应静心写好文稿第一字,以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化,一定要注意前后呼应关系,要意在笔先,事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。

书写姿势

坐姿

正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看,还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥,有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养,只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。

1、头部端正:头要居中,稍向前下方俯视,眼睛与纸面一尺距离,不可俯得太低,也不可左偏、右斜。

2、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中间大部,不能扭向一边,两肩平齐,上身不弯曲,使上身重心安稳。

3、臂开胸舒:两臂自然开张,两肘平放桌面,保持一线,腹背挺直,胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离,使呼吸顺畅。

4、腿开足安:两腿分开,与肩同宽,自然下垂,内侧保持平行,两脚平放地上,使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势,才能使字写得端正,重心平衡。同时,正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。

握姿

执笔方法不正确,不但妨碍书写姿势,影响书写质量,还会给书写者身心健康带来危害,不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点,硬笔是三指执笔法,斜拿。

正确的执笔方法:

①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆(三指处于同一平面);

②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm(两指左右);

③所有指关节都向外弯;

④笔杆位于食指的根部(如下图)。

同时,还要做到:

①指实:拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量,处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上,将笔杆夹牢,松紧适度。

②掌虚:无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢,并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座,虚贴桌面。

③杆斜:笔杆向右后方倾斜,紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向,与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字,手指向前伸直,笔杆与纸面角度减小;书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩,笔杆与纸面角度大,宜于精離细琢。

工具

选笔

钢笔

钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔,日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776,百乐78G,写乐21K等。

关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:

(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;

(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;

(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。

中性笔

中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。

推荐适合练字的中性笔

1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168,这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面,都属于第一梯队的,一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。

2、百乐P700和P500,其实就是0.7和0.5,笔感超级顺滑,而且出水不多不少,非常好写,这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来,但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7,0.5的可以日常用。

中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:

(1)书写流度,笔触顺骨,笔画饱满,墨色均匀;

(2)握笔舒适度,长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感;

(3)墨干燥速度,书写时不会被谱黑就行。

其他笔

除了钢笔和中性笔,其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多,最为常见的有铅笔,圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。

纸张

练习纸种类繁多,常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等,练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础,初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等,随着阶段的变化,练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助,达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序,不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。

重点:从脱离米字格到白纸,练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习,不属于完全转换状态。

另外,有以下几个点可以注意:

(1)当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题,建议换纸。

(2)不要使用线格过小的纸,选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。

(3)不要刻意追求“好”纸,硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。

字帖

如果基础比较差,或者追求没那么高,可以从现代字帖练,比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础,那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖,初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度,再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手,然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖,要下大功夫临摹,专注一本,长期熏修,悟到行书精髓,然后可以遍临诸家。

推荐字帖

1、田英章的字帖

田英章的硬笔字,刚中带柔,舒展洒脱。

以下是田英章老师的一些作品:

2、李放鸣字帖

李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美,被许多学校作为指定书法教材,在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖,

以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品:

3、司马彦行书

司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习,临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家,他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。

书写注意的问题

钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。

钢笔行书函文的书写形式,也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式,与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多,方格纸用得较少。

钢笔行书的落款,款文要用本体或行草书写,款文字形要小于正文,钤印的印章宁少勿多,1-2方足矣。印章的大小,应等于或略大于款文,但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应,起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。

(一)要以楷书为基础,在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化,但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此,学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。

(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书,但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法,就要通过临摹去掌握,而不能随心所欲。

(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点,在书写中适当运用能给字增色,但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点,就会走向反面。如,笔笔相连,就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。

(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法,熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法,就能了解行书的造形规律,收到举一反三之效。

坚持练字

当我们学习一项新技能,坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事,也是最难做到的事,练字也是这样。

想要坚持就得有大的决心,然后培养出习惯,并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中,能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。

所以,不妨列一个计划,树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变,需要做量的积累。例如,我要临写琴赋,我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍,我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练,一个月,成果还是能激励到自己的。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书,是一种书法统称,分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展,是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体,是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。\"行\"是\"行走\"的意思,因此它不像草书那样潦草,也不像楷书那样端正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYooE6s02q6YwaIX4hu9uoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmOEs00igwWECGZNmciYhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体,自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkAmU6qiK4i8Qv6BxHNrRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔增速","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw6GEi4esci8uQI1iR5Lh6N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上,不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折,还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快,造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4A2qasEiuWUYkZ1dqB2YKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画线条多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAC0IEe8smUMWUNkE65pqFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷如立,行如走,行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔,笔画之间增加呼应等,下面仅从四个方便加以说明:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmo2EUA2QyQYQOpRuAKjWVN"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKO8U08cWWeECqYPIfYOYFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓附笔,就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画(比较细、比较虚)。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时,出现附钩;与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑;长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩,看上去与“钩”没有什么不同,实际上是撇画的附钩。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng40Ayk4sOochdaUkUaDoRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eca8f277af0b489aac734555f6636835","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcne4MYO0e0MSEOaqWW5DscEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显,使笔画脉络相通,活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意,这些附钩、附挑的出现,是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹,不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQosAsCSGaCgIWgLBtZK6cf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnke0eqiaMQIEkckKTrA1cjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的转折笔画,方笔明显减少,而以圆代替方折,这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔,圆转而过,使笔画圆润自然。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIigaa6YeQ0cqQPyA7Bwrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa22bfea6aca41b7a9421e6071527ebe","width":595},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw6iMMO06ssymyB1twoYmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00YcUQm8uSGQuGKq3NljJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求横平竖直,而行书的横竖由于行笔增快,为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系,长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKskOi0sY4KGakHWIsQk3z"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15c909205ef94238b967205ddc025d52","width":613},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqo4eSEKUUwSwTXTYrUHic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形,如中竖就要挺直,即便是稍带有弧形的笔画,也要有一定的力度,柔中见刚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYi0UGKweOYA4KkT58rn5T2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiaEmcsGagIm4OSsc9z8bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的笔画各自独立,其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范,一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时,为了书写简便,往往将相邻的笔画连写,合并线条,或对楷书的某些部位做了简化,减少起、收笔的次数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQQsMgoM2A402yVHiHyPUv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的钩画,在书写行书时,多省略了起钩。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eyqgoGoem08SsWngD7f3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":98,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b354150271a34825903868d3d515d728","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6KygmS0QoOUwjHQ8geBXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画点画,可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYOkwSwUuW4YMRE6knAXNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2f6f6b0635a4c848a1d6491f4eeb70a","width":610},"text":"","id":"doxcnaoEGQ0IMI62yuwFnncnP1u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔,减少了笔画数,使书写更加方便。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8CEO06kGaGiWK2FYjnhIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":131,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa6fa9722874a839bae5d58753edc10","width":624},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOuGiIi2ySsEamQ4uXeCXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWYccUaQYoYwYVjno6mVFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则,但为了连写便捷,一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形,有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如图","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(楷书6笔,行书3笔):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYCYuqeCYaI683GEkwio1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":101,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b163d5ef32144a4388b912e4dcc2c57e","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnYQsY0AQiQM60SIwbqdCQZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8ekquqcSwW6gc1HfDZZy7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化,其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcayiScyO4ksEpwQUWCpCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一个字有多种写法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SE0GGqO0UeUiIHM8D5oDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如“是”字下半部分,“花”字的字头,写得有放有缩,同中有异,多样而统一,颇有趣味。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIYGeI42OG8QGOOxMNGnTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37c1e6c1bcdb490580c87e506e958ee2","width":483},"text":"","id":"doxcnQyEiqUKeqUyo8LDxLzsHJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚,略带攲斜,自成新的体势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekuEeAGmUas0eW6kEGNm5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如横画可以较大幅度上斜,笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势,使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了,避免了楷书的呆板。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIqUEEeswYSKAARJKgVX2Ff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5d537a662744315aca01acc06fbc9a9","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6GK8OwqqoCqkpbuAXc8bg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书运笔技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn286meS28OAIS2SImTeo2kb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66mcsMAg8ME2uClYQvkzCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oiwWqqI0W6K0ceOnst56d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓起笔,就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左为起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,等等。起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。例如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAEsqoQ4iqSyIt9czBdsYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":117,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26620f385ccb48549b0d42af46ee8148","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnu0I8C6QSkQu6wC8uxXsIXY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKMO0aw0YYycCmpOuXS0uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUQUQyqSI20yqa7sL7G9oS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/771a46a498b94d1dbfce1dafd2b27352","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnekasEsoeoe4mu0Nonrjcle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwSKqK2EUKaIOcl4UC3Ewf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折,都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而有力。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyu6isAmOi4mGTUsHEOHMyl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376c3e54379a4f8da1fdcdac2c9ec6d1","width":604},"text":"","id":"doxcn8mko4OE4Isik4sE9kDYhOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUSKSkE6ecGYOyGakZ6Ece"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔主要取字的姿态,笔画的下笔处比较方折,显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横,“永、广”等字的侧点,“志”字的中竖,“个”字的斜撇等,都是侧笔写成的。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnickAgMqO4cSeqQWjFp2fOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34052b9680c943679ca2b04e24444a41","width":615},"text":"","id":"doxcniOQqoe8GSea4KwF9bGE8oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkieauKK2cIEyGYClkTTTT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔,书写时故意放慢行笔速度,认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感,多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmuAC2coEcoyaMtuxgMHeg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a19fb0a98520486a9af24133ca5290f8","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcngyyMMII2u0YoQH0KHwRW9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncgIsMuooiCmEyeecwIlOVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔似行云流水,用笔流畅、便捷,多用于钩画字的轮廓,以增加线条的流动。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A68Yw4a8CcqEjJ2IizvOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":12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撇,然后回锋向右下方写反捺,即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写,要有折的风味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWewKKSI4cCscYF1HaN4kGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/79a94fe61ef64a4fa98d34a844cbb160","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcnewcmg4qW6gEA0UaVVbOKre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯,如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横,再折笔写弯,接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲,弯曲自然舒展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6CKwao4cIOMERTrg1fhHq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc888fce47574bb3b23e27aa45348ecb","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcnoeyy2S4qewywgDcvyMUwSQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾,如“序”字。写法是写好横画后,接着翻笔写撇,撇要成内包势,随即趁势向右上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Ss2qCgGmKIyIBRbOunaWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a9fff903cb242b6999cbc36061881e7","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnGq0mgYMSAuiAk1UtlcrkIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法,如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖,随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽,用笔要流畅明净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcYuEAuYYAK2olswbP1IWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a2d65e9e63944a29a8c1e22d6b6d446c","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcngKK2iS2mq28YKkCCgOrLEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4EC2w0iSQggQBLryTtseh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化,不能千篇一律。此外,部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法,或者借助于楷书用意连,或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝,又要靠笔势,过多地使用牵丝,如果形连势不能连,整个字仍是盘散沙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOOim2IA4aQigZNH3bjZ3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwy2cmiKaaiiEOEDyjUgBld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋落笔写撇,随即回锋写横勾折,接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称,是一笔写成。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskckguQUkAiOaOq0mEPaZg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a8aca3a771fc4a139c03aa0e90418c82","width":683},"text":"","id":"doxcn8sooCSyYuEuWmiJHQUlQjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weuAWyMEwOuaz7nBePYf7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔,撇点用撇提代替,改变示字旁的书写顺序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUi6ocKee4wEgxutajZ0ug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":178,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ba320b2860b4d5ea7f13cc526d07f4c","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnm044EWWyysAgKOz7kzuh0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQoSaoCCQGSEouEqkI0Mt1V"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先落笔写横折,再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成,不能用两笔或三笔写成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYSu64sIuM8kEVA00RUYge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":143,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08c6744a04614a75a307d434eb2c4521","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnCI6m6QgMOu046KVUu1wVyf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuIAKskk2k6eWMBytYHUIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写短斜竖,再顺势写横竖折,接着回锋写下横,然后翻笔向上写竖折挑,为了便于书写,行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyk6kqwCUqqEW2RwzZ4n3ih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb9cebae85cf4f3daa0cfe4223b8ea03","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcnKQwUa42qiGgQ4XMINBjERg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqe6eOKia20mI1EpDYjbEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写出折勾,再回笔写竖横折勾,最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画,以便书写右面点画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWIkyqaUog64IXUTVzmjpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ffcec311ac4028b30e62c7250e5e0c","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcni42mMSs2E2AOuIVn5LBdR1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgAMQAkmUM8yMnjyyPcyJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长,抗肩,中间用小撇画,不要太长,撇画的起笔位置稍靠左,第二个撇画的弯度较大一些,但不要写的太长,最后撇画带出小钩,呼应最后一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggWey8I8Qy2gp6EKTxTgrr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ef06ff99d4f4cfb8f5d18c1c3c6cb88","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnGe2wGsEeCkE4WS28zkaZdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WCQaSSMQ6U40ePMyOCRZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先平撇要短,角度稍平,竖写短,横可稍长,但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw0QMekIIqY4MuoKDXqpNHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376a27e1eeb04fc48a3e0169b1c32a15","width":629},"text":"","id":"doxcnukqYqKcCWCqISWTs6rNoEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiy4wqSwuEEAg1BTDW8gvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁也是写小,且整体稍向右上斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQ6QCW62Acq0Ys0PILBIbS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":136,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/24ec8a9db1b44db2816be55337f4d46b","width":614},"text":"","id":"doxcnU4AEwyO6UmKWnsuY5eX5Io"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0k2USuqGSugoCmR2YmrWAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体,是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性,形态又多变化,丰富奇彩、意到笔随,可塑性大,利于发挥艺术效果,实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作,通篇结构,引领管带,首尾呼应,一气呵成,各尽意志,气适流动,起伏随势,巧布虚陈,寄情寓意,无不淋漓尽致,酣畅爽快,令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWYK8W6Ky0U4I7p3ZGyLpe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscaOkQmK2ym2uuacwmDWBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书由于笔画、结构变化较大,形体各异,加之书写风格不同,因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态,有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别,使行书作品千姿百态,异彩纷呈,构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此,行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多,具有如下特点:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAOUUCUEQ82MNIa8dy6Jqr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔势多取纵势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem6uwmIUgkUOCiIIHAVoEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书笔画活泼流动,笔画之间有牵纵行带,前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切,如取纵势,更显得如行云流水,气韵贯通,给人以一气呵成之势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqai8YcC4qkEcJZZYp0wbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疏密变化自如","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe4IuQwQKco6ioVhPww3Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外,在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰,能自由地调整疏密位置与布白,达到疏密得当,布白奇妙的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngI8I8iWY4ggEETpYW4TWKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"参差错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyY6McsoGiCAI49eIbJf1Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外,而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化,这样,整体布局显得活泼灵动,妙趣横生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkQa262qAS4Y44kebdWNjlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行气直抒胸臆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEUW0aSwKqwioL7kGZZbih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书书写速度较快,行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融,最能直接表达书者的情感,增加作品的感染力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyKM0AU8QauAC89X8PETgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋篇技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8g2yw6YQisMUewcHsiCBnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以动为主","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGCG264aiCOa62eig4dIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的章法以静为主要特征,给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉;行书章法则以动为主要特征,给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusII6oWAIeaeGO2l13qZgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前人出书法要“师造化”,凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态,都可借鉴到行、草书中去,以增强行书作品的动感,丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品,也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书,这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaqOeS0KomkCcB90z1cpjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然行书强调动感,但并不是随意为之、不要法度,它仍要遵循一定的规律,以严谨求灵变,避免过于放纵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaAAAGGqYCkB74bKmj5e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以不齐求齐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYaAUqMyEqaoGolGrLFSLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称,排列整齐,以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小,间隔有疏密排列,有错落变化,以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整,以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品,初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐,行与行之间的距离也相等,一气呵成,浑然一体,气韵生动,但细看起来,我们不难发现,字与字并不对齐,有的偏左,有的偏右,左右动荡不写,行与行之间的距离也不相等,有的紧,有的松,没有定则,即所谓的“行书无写法”,需要我们多实践、多体会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng0m6K4mIWIQuSTyRdR0iNC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具有节奏变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mGoqc8CKiKuisjCYuI1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一幅好的行书作品,就象一首抒情的歌曲,时而婉转平和,时而高亢豪迈,时而如行云流水,时而如电闪雷鸣,几经曲折,波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄,这种渲泻是有节奏的,体现了行书作品的节奏美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6oS4648y26OANLehr5Ayh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"前后呼应","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwCUi2miWAaOs9cTQCQNIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作品最注重首字,应静心写好文稿第一字,以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化,一定要注意前后呼应关系,要意在笔先,事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUEOuykEcou6ls65je4Ec"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIiu0qG4ISKEWEV29p0Lhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4wuicC8u4woolgT0iFfKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看,还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥,有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养,只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMSswUI2WKAol2w4DioiKY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68e50955c9bf49c79a2d33fa599f8967","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnqm2uCmw0owUUY5OWH2KzUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、头部端正:头要居中,稍向前下方俯视,眼睛与纸面一尺距离,不可俯得太低,也不可左偏、右斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAMQGGsCsMWSUpcK0JxSKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中间大部,不能扭向一边,两肩平齐,上身不弯曲,使上身重心安稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUiYWyqyCYMED5LIMvyBoq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、臂开胸舒:两臂自然开张,两肘平放桌面,保持一线,腹背挺直,胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离,使呼吸顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0McKYqQOOsQU8lGajEQpze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、腿开足安:两腿分开,与肩同宽,自然下垂,内侧保持平行,两脚平放地上,使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势,才能使字写得端正,重心平衡。同时,正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwCCaoS8cUaUK4bwzdP1wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn484YCWuqYCgQKKJJq1SqBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法不正确,不但妨碍书写姿势,影响书写质量,还会给书写者身心健康带来危害,不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点,硬笔是三指执笔法,斜拿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkciww0WuyUa4iC5JCK6Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的执笔方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8A4cGIEUOYy0GW13CkCCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆(三指处于同一平面);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIywGmOiyoCcMgN2M7T7Nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm(两指左右);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2QIceAcSgKAWGKahaJm8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③所有指关节都向外弯;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuScKqwMEoSUcys1lP97bCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④笔杆位于食指的根部(如下图)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyke2coyo0M6eXj1qhSuNs"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce7201cb08b47529021161e4b3de06b","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcne0eiCmM0cG4U6p3INPuCMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,还要做到:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamykg6AwCq2Ac9h72enUCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①指实:拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量,处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上,将笔杆夹牢,松紧适度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweCWAUYiyGeg2TkOOdNbBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②掌虚:无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢,并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座,虚贴桌面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA02SkuSikAEiSOc82XnAC8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③杆斜:笔杆向右后方倾斜,紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向,与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字,手指向前伸直,笔杆与纸面角度减小;书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩,笔杆与纸面角度大,宜于精離细琢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAes80guA0Gg9lxRjo0hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOk6mywusO2IOkN3g9fTK2c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOwM62Iy8uGU0alFfMMjUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaW8SwyIoEouaOmyhAUNVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔,日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776,百乐78G,写乐21K等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUmI4aIokKw6cbKMEuVWDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06GiYsWC4mq00ovgwEGzRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2UQEqWkuQuQCIEGKZsrbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ42AKQqyYg6I8hGOKSkeOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni404gSg2e6WyMPg2b2F9Bb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efce42fa90fe484395d9143de95dc1bf","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcn4uY6IYu2ICIw3EuOMlrjFG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwuQmOGuS042gvVP3Id6ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OGuOsYGGC6iqaredoyuJY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐适合练字的中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOmKaemOqcccEVs5KJ77Gg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168,这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面,都属于第一梯队的,一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEukCgewS60EcX2tvmYDVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、百乐P700和P500,其实就是0.7和0.5,笔感超级顺滑,而且出水不多不少,非常好写,这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来,但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7,0.5的可以日常用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUek84A6OCEgOCw5UNMUhJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkICQqo6Cm88u7WuiDWz7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)书写流度,笔触顺骨,笔画饱满,墨色均匀;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKe4siIGgSEsaaELXNWpi1H"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)握笔舒适度,长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqUMSieS8gsAqyBuq40XIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)墨干燥速度,书写时不会被谱黑就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyCssSI00Wq2cFm5hjXT7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9f858d495e934607b39050eb30d2ed77","width":300},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8SCicMsOOis8J3zWX7Htb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQ2s0gw8CIyYquSaWHLhKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了钢笔和中性笔,其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多,最为常见的有铅笔,圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe2muKE6CeU2kfO5ezrUxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":220,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b423b0b4e1e43c6913f2e1b4ab63a7a","width":220},"text":"","id":"doxcn084Uwumk8C8U068kJ9qbIg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGqquMwA8CQYG2DKdolh3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习纸种类繁多,常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等,练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础,初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等,随着阶段的变化,练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助,达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序,不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS60ocSugMSWegNnbUyHQ2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点:从脱离米字格到白纸,练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习,不属于完全转换状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosQSwUYCgq66QJHLq094Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,有以下几个点可以注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSugi6IWWKMKSWd3Ibp7GtZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题,建议换纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOOW42wEyY6EKcEt3OKSBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)不要使用线格过小的纸,选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQoU4AWmY4YmWMBLwAw1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不要刻意追求“好”纸,硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UIMuwA4KiKQk95m4tnAMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1370f12a9b3b4d938074b49cdfa4ca62","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcnqkWu80g8O6mAQr6qkPMw7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUASa6Y2KiSaSSutOmuSNyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果基础比较差,或者追求没那么高,可以从现代字帖练,比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础,那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖,初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度,再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手,然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖,要下大功夫临摹,专注一本,长期熏修,悟到行书精髓,然后可以遍临诸家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucQUMwau2sCUwfnACIbDgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiQqCcEE8OuoqYdd2ZXLWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、田英章的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0yGccyK8U4Q8gPBSuvP2yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田英章的硬笔字,刚中带柔,舒展洒脱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAcyecEwwsa4FbIfMmqEyr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是田英章老师的一些作品:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqcEGE4mma06sMSHXIP0nb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57790c3f579340c6a3d920e542c5e081","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn84aA4kmYeGssOkRDzIifpe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":523,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/665960b664004091947413f309229f9b","width":363},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOcsieq6aiK82VKH4M2P2f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、李放鸣字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美,被许多学校作为指定书法教材,在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneacYskAWwAsmUXP2ENjdhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMwS40qQc8kgUjRNRb08Fd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/076399aa06bd441c8d96060b3a5cc8c6","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnCia2usY2Cg4qAlPMs7VljU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3cafb01a8ad4dcf99af2fb29b35c803","width":521},"text":"","id":"doxcnMOAocWOqOMKW2dihMx5xMc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、司马彦行书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习,临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家,他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne82wyikkM6yoQTMT0J7cRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31d1eddee0c14259a78f64d44dd40234","width":388},"text":"","id":"doxcnwQAM8yuu6EI8OGQGVz4TSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneACOeq0e6qUQuKLKnhE4If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmOcoAicOWaomomHXoY14e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书函文的书写形式,也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式,与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多,方格纸用得较少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2gwqOuYS8ysEDNep9PiJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的落款,款文要用本体或行草书写,款文字形要小于正文,钤印的印章宁少勿多,1-2方足矣。印章的大小,应等于或略大于款文,但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应,起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKU0A6ys0sK28ibu7GJzlib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一)要以楷书为基础,在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化,但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此,学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIwyOWS6oSuiWaB3wrfzng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书,但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法,就要通过临摹去掌握,而不能随心所欲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQ4wQwkYomAcGiwp3anBtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点,在书写中适当运用能给字增色,但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点,就会走向反面。如,笔笔相连,就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80K8KKs2meo2ikpSz93xpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法,熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法,就能了解行书的造形规律,收到举一反三之效。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUcKcQgYEieUiE5yGslaKf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":614,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f87da4b8482e41228ccdfe6e92fcdc64","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKCoUKUikmkMIwEKlo0aKYK"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坚持练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnocwmwKgqkqYq4G69LKJECb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们学习一项新技能,坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事,也是最难做到的事,练字也是这样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYIOAcgwMewkcqqmYlNpqEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要坚持就得有大的决心,然后培养出习惯,并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中,能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsUqYQi8Wg8ciXxCWIY1hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以,不妨列一个计划,树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变,需要做量的积累。例如,我要临写琴赋,我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍,我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练,一个月,成果还是能激励到自己的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSo6Y20gMyKiEfvjAeoXhiI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQKUWsAU0AOI2Wg9VerpJWf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

赤壁之战TD17怎么出超级步兵?

征兵升一级到步兵,然后别再升注意然你的步兵打死怪,这样就能升级

中外历史上有哪些著名的间谍故事?

1987年11月28日,伊拉克巴格达国际机场安检处,一位年轻女乘客急得眼泪在眼眶打转。检查员将女乘客携带的四块电池样物品扔进垃圾桶,女乘客竟像掉块肉般,立刻扑过去翻垃圾桶,又将电池捡回来。

检查员实在想不明白,不就是几块电池吗?为什么非要带上不可呢?

女乘客手持日本护照,看样子应该是个日本人。女乘客的父亲听到争吵声赶到安检处,急赤白脸地将电池放进松下牌收音机中,然后打开收音机让检查员听。

那位父亲用日语叽里咕噜地抗议道:“这就是普通的收音机电池,你们这里为何要没收私人物品?”

检查员一时语塞,只得息事宁人放那对父女携带电池走上飞机。而那对父女则对视一眼,如释重负般长舒一口气。

那对父女乘坐的是由巴格达飞往汉城的大韩航空公司858航班,机上乘客大多是在伊拉克打工的韩国劳务人员。

飞机起飞前,那位父亲小心翼翼地将装着电池的收音机,放进一个装有酒瓶的塑料袋,然后放到行李架上。

晚上11:00,飞机准点起飞。858航班整个航程有两个经转地,一个是阿联酋首都阿布扎比,一个是泰国首都曼谷。

不足一个小时,858航班降落在阿布扎比。因是经转地,乘客们会下来在机场溜达一圈,所以没有人去拿行李。那对父女也走下飞机消失在人流中。

858航班在夜色中再度起飞时,似乎没人注意那对父女没有返回,也没人预料到死神就在眼前。

11月29日上午11时01分,858航班向曼谷国际机场塔台报告飞行位置,并预计20分钟后降落。然而858航班却很快就从塔台雷达上骤然消失。

航班没了踪迹,泰国方面意识到可能发生空难,遂马上向韩国通报,并与航班途经的缅甸联合展开搜索。

韩国起初比较乐观地判断,航班有可能遭到人为劫持,不可能出现机毁人亡的情况。而泰国与缅甸则根据航班的航路与消失时间判断,飞机有可能迫降或坠毁在泰缅交界处的丛林中。

但是泰缅联合搜救队几经搜索却一无所获,最终在缅甸附近海面发现大量飞机残片,有一块飞机残片上清晰可见汉城奥运会标志。显而易见这些残片就是858航班的残骸。

韩国得到858航班失事的确凿消息后,初断定飞机失事原因是由飞机故障引发。

原来这次飞行任务本该由一架麦道DC10-30型飞机执行,但因故调整为编号为HL7406的波音707执行任务。

这架波音707飞机原是韩国总统出国访问的包机,但从70年末就开始事故频发,遂成为韩国人人皆知的厄运飞机。

后来大韩航空公司将这架波音707调整飞国内航线,但并未能解决这架飞机故障问题。1977年9月,这架飞机在釜山着陆时,因机轮未能正常放出,只得被迫采用机身在跑道摩擦降落的危险措施。

1987年9月,这架飞机在汉城国际机场再度上演机身迫降的惊险戏码。所以韩国在得知飞机失事后的第一时间,下意识判断这又是飞机故障引发的重大事故。

但随着越来越多的飞机残片被打捞上来,情况开始变得越来越复杂。因为打捞出的飞机零件都支离破碎,有被烧灼和被冲击的痕迹,而且遇难者的遗体没有一具是完整的。

这不禁让人想起1985年的一场空难,由蒙特利尔飞往伦敦的印度航空182航班突然坠毁,其飞机残骸状况与这次858航班几乎完全相同,而182航班公认遭遇炸弹袭击。

显而易见858航班空难大概率是人为制造的恐怖袭击,事故原因逐渐明朗,但没有人站出来发声承认。就在这时巴林方面传来惊人消息。

原来在12月1日上午,两名准备从巴林赶赴意大利罗马的日本人,因涉嫌伪造护照和签证被巴林警方查扣。而这两个人正是日前乘坐858航班在阿布扎比下飞机的那对日本父女,也是858航班唯一幸存者。

两人护照上的名字是蜂谷真一与蜂谷真由美。由于突发重大空难,各国机场加大检查护照与行李的力度,所以真由美所持假护照很容易就被检查出来,并按规定将遣返日本接受审查。

四五个巴林警察围住蜂谷真一父女,很仔细地再度搜查他们的行李,很可惜没啥有价值的线索。

就在蜂谷真一父女提着行李,欲返回机场大厅时,一位巴林女警官突然想起,刚才漏检真由美携带的万宝路烟盒,于是命令真由美交出烟盒。

真由美万般不情愿地拿出烟盒,就在递出去的瞬间,偷偷抽出一支烟攥在手心里。

这点小伎俩岂能瞒过女警官的眼睛?女警官一边用阿拉伯语要求真由美交出那支烟,一边动手来抢。谁料真由美竟将那支烟塞进嘴里,狠命一咬,顷刻口吐白沫瘫倒在地。

巴林警察瞬间明白真由美要吞毒自尽,遂迅速扑过来抢救,却忘了身边还有一个蜂谷真一。蜂谷真一趁巴林警察手忙脚乱之际,吞下一根同样的香烟,也立刻毒发倒地。

随即巴林警方在蜂谷真一父女咬碎的香烟中,检出多国间谍必备的氢氰酸胶囊。

明摆着蜂谷真一父女背后有一股神秘势力,而父女俩如此决绝的举动,很明显是想掩盖858航班空难真相。所幸真由美昏迷三天没死成,就此成为韩国追索空难真相的突破口。

鉴于蜂谷真一父女手持日本护照,日本面对突然冒出的炸机嫌疑犯,生怕影响日韩关系,感到十分被动头疼。

因为刚被逮捕的日本“赤军”头目,供认赤军试图破坏1988年将在韩国首都汉城举办的奥运会,所以日本方面一度认为真由美是“赤军”成员,受“赤军”指派制造恐怖事件。

但真由美似乎对日本社会一无所知,所描述的情况就像一个从未去过日本的人凭空虚构的一样。

就在日本调查真由美父女身份还捋不清头绪时,韩国为给受害者家属一个交代,向巴林方面提出引渡真由美赴韩国受审。

1987年12月15日,真由美出现在韩国民众面前。虽然真由美口中塞着防止咬舌自尽的塞子,但这些根本无法掩盖其惊人的美貌。难怪一位韩国军官第一眼看到真由美,不禁脱口而出:“如此美丽的女人,为何会做那么残忍的事。”

也许真由美的美丽惹人生怜,本让韩国民众闻之色变的安企部,竟未对真由美严刑审问,反而好吃好喝,让真由美活得舒舒服服。

真由美知道这是韩国人的策略,遂装作听不懂韩语,一脸单纯懵懂模样。

但该来的终会来,12月17日,真由美站到韩国法庭上,使用日语一口咬定自己是日本人。但真由美对为何伪造护照,为何面对警方盘问突然自尽,说不出任何可以令人信服的理由。

真由美眼见理亏词穷,竟又以一口标准的中国普通话,声称自己是出生在黑龙江五常市的中国人,名叫百华慧。

真由美讲述了一个令人同情的故事版本。她自称父亲在特殊年代自尽,母亲抛下5岁的她另嫁,遂其在中学毕业后就四处流浪。后来她在广州打工时,遇到一位叫吴英的朋友,一起偷渡到澳门。

真由美在澳门赌场工作,邂逅来此旅游的蜂谷真一。真一同情其悲惨人世,于是就收养她为义女,取名真由美,并将其带回日本。

但到了日本后,真一不允许她外出,所以她对日本的情况并不太了解。后来真一说要带她到欧洲旅游,护照等一切事宜都由真一办理。她就这样迷迷糊糊来到巴林。

这个故事充满疑点,真由美面对质疑,只是反复说自己就是一个中国孤儿,对858航班失事什么都不知道。

韩国警方面对真由美耍无赖的言行,又抛出一连串质疑:“既然你是黑龙江人,为何口音像南方人?你说说五常周围还有什么地方?”

真由美绞尽脑汁想出的答案驴唇不对马嘴。旁边一个参与审问的韩国警察小声嘟囔一句:“这个姑娘满嘴谎话。”

真由美一急之下反驳道:“凭啥说我撒谎?”

真由美本来说不懂韩语,这一下漏了馅。随即真由美又编出另一个版本的故事。她在这个版本里,还是名叫百华慧,只不过变成一个不知生父是谁的私生女。

真由美说母亲在其幼时改嫁一个朝鲜族男人,所以她被送到广州外婆家抚养。20岁那年,她偷渡到澳门,遇到一个姓朴的男人说要带其去找母亲。

谁料出国后,朴竟把她带到日本生活三年多。在那段时间,一直有一位日本女人给她讲韩国的情况。直到1987年11月,蜂谷真一才出现,并按上级指示与她假扮父女赴欧洲旅游。

在贝尔格莱德,有一位东北男人拿着皮包找到他们。这个男人既懂英语又懂日语,与真一秘密交谈15分钟。恰好她去卫生间,没有听到他们在说什么。

之后就是真一带着她飞到巴格达,然后坐上了KAL858航班。真一在飞机上表现得很紧张,中间曾去过一次卫生间,大约10分钟左右才回到座位上。真由美对韩国警方说,这就是她知道的所有情况。

其实真由美的故事破绽百出,根本经不起推敲,不仅其被捕时携带的行李中,有许多像密码本、伪装道具之类的不正常物品,还有最关键的一个破绽,她竟说在日本使用“金达莱”牌电视机。

众所周知“金达莱”是朝鲜品牌,日本的电子技术世界闻名,又怎会用档次低的朝鲜货呢?真由美无意中的疏漏,将其背后势力越来越强烈地指向朝鲜。

韩国警方对真由美欲将责任推给死无对证的真一的心思了然于胸,现又见矛头指向朝鲜,遂并不急于揭穿真由美,而是特意带真由美去参观汉城街景以及韩国乡下农民生活。

12月22日,真由美在韩国警察监控下离开审讯室,汉城流光溢彩、车水马龙的夜景,还有韩国普通农家都有冰箱、彩电的真实情景令其目瞪口呆。

真实的韩国哪里有印象中应该遍地乞丐、到处都是污垢的可怕,真由美多年形成的信念已开始动摇,尤其是一位韩国警察的质问更令其崩溃。

“你觉得做这件事是为正义,可858航班的遇难者都是普通劳务工人,他们真的该死吗?”

真由美失神地望向身边的韩国女警察说道:“恩妮(姐姐)我错了”

1988年1月15日上午10点,真由美被带到韩国安企部记者招待会现场,公开招认自己是一名朝鲜特工,名叫金贤姬。

金贤姬此言一出,全场记者以及遇难者家属一片哗然。金贤姬一边抽泣,一边承认她与59岁的金胜一伪装成日本父女,根据破坏汉城奥运会的指挥,制造858航班空难事件。

当日金贤姬与金胜一坐在858航班的7A与7B座位上,并在他们座位上方的行李架上暗藏了两枚炸弹。

其中安装在松下RF-082型收音机中的塑料炸弹,被调到定时9小时后爆炸。他们为了扩大爆炸效果,又在一个酒瓶中装进液体炸弹。

当日在巴格达国际机场,金贤姬被检查员搜出的电池,就是塑料炸弹,难怪当时金贤姬会那么紧张。

金贤姬与金胜一在阿布扎比逃离飞机,可剩下的115名乘客及机组人员,却在几个小时后,在缅甸仰光以南220公里的海面上空,随着一声炸响坠入大海。

其实像这类搞些暗杀与破坏的事,对于韩国与朝鲜来说是司空见惯的事,譬如实尾岛事件还有仰光事件。但这些暗杀事件都是针对朝韩双方高层进行,那么朝鲜这次为何要针对韩国普通民众呢?

原来韩国取得1988年举办汉城奥运会的资格后,1984年3月,朝鲜也向国际奥委会提出要与韩国合办奥运会。

当时韩国还被人们称为南朝鲜,所以国际奥委会认为同根同源的南、北朝鲜联合举办奥运会,也算合情合理,于是就开始撮合双方进行谈判。

谁料这场谈判一谈就是三年时间,但非常遗憾并未达成一致意见。朝鲜要求开幕式与闭幕式必须在汉城与平壤同时举行,而且朝鲜还要求举办8场比赛,并要求电视转播收入的1/3归朝鲜所有。

韩国不同意朝鲜提出的条件,朝鲜针锋相对不肯让步,国际奥委会只得宣布谈判破裂,奥运会由韩国单独举办。朝鲜为此深表遗憾,但遗憾背后则是报复韩国,无论如何也要设法阻止韩国顺利举办奥运会。

朝鲜的报复计划随着金贤姬的证词被公之于众,当然朝鲜方面坚决撇清与金贤姬的关系。但早年朝鲜电影中就有金贤姬的身影,金贤姬是朝鲜人毋庸置疑,彼此之间的关系又怎能彻底撇清呢?

1961年,金贤姬出生在平壤一个体面的公职家庭。父亲金元锡是一名外交官,母亲林明植则是一名教师,可以说金贤姬的家境在朝鲜应算中上等。

金贤姬出生不久就跟随担任朝鲜驻古巴大使馆三秘的父亲,常驻古巴,直到4岁才回到朝鲜。

金贤姬面容姣好,上小学三年级时被选中参演电影,登上朝鲜大银幕。总之金贤姬从上学就出尽风头,甚至还被选为向外国代表团献花的少年,而成为人人艳羡的别人家的孩子。

1977年,金贤姬考入金日成综合大学生物学专业,却未料1年后被安排转入平壤外国语大学学习日语。也许金贤姬还做着将来当外交官的梦,却不知其是被朝鲜特工组织看中。

自此金贤姬不能再使用原名,只得改用金玉华、金玉花等一系列假名,并在父女姊妹以及朋友视线中蒸发。

金贤姬不仅接受严格的特工技能训练,还相继接受韩国、日本、中国等多国文化教育,熟练掌握日语、英语、汉语等多国语言。

1984年7月,金贤姬被安排与一位头发花白的驼背老头一起工作。这个老头就是金胜一,他与金贤姬以父女相称,受命潜伏在澳门。

1987年10月,蛰伏三年的金贤姬与金胜一被启动,执行干掉韩国客机的任务。115名普通韩国民众是无辜的,可对于早已被洗脑的金贤姬来说,接受这样的任务并没有什么心理障碍。

甚至金贤姬在咬碎香烟欲自尽时,满脑子都是为祖国献身的念头,可当其看到真实的韩国社会时,才如梦初醒意识到多年接受的教育有一定欺骗性,而自己只不过是一枚被利用的棋子,并为此牺牲115名无辜韩国民众。

悔不当初的金贤姬下跪请求遇难者家属的原谅,可生命已逝,岂是简单请求原谅就能了事。但事情发展走向却出乎所有遇难者家属的预料。

1989年2月,金贤姬被一审判决死刑。1990年3月金贤姬被二审判决维持原判。谁料仅仅16天后,时任韩国总统卢泰愚,竟顶着遇难者家属强烈抗议,行使总统特权特赦金贤姬。

遇难者家属难以接受金贤姬逍遥法外的结果,但卢泰愚却说金贤姬与所有遇难者一样也是受害者,应该接受审判的应该是金正日。

金贤姬即便是受害者,可她终究犯下难以原谅的错误,卢泰愚为何如此轻易替遇难者家属施以饶恕呢?

其实卢泰愚赦免金贤姬自有深意:一是向世界展现更美好的韩国国家形象;二是利用金贤姬进一步挖掘朝鲜情报,并借此向朝鲜特工伸出橄榄枝。

说到底金贤姬扔摆脱不了棋子命运,但无论怎样,她能继续活下去,比起那些遇难者算是幸运的。

后来金贤姬在韩国特工保护下开始正常生活,并与一位审讯时爱上她的韩国特工结婚生子。

《无间道》中有这样一句经典台词“我以前没得选,现在我想做个好人”,想做回自己看似非常简单,但对于特工而言却是天下最难的事。

金贤姬曾出版自传《现在,作为女人》,字里行间透出自此江湖路远不再涉足的气息,可那枉死的115条无辜生命,她真的能忘记吗?

三国td怎么借东风?

诸葛亮是利用了当时的天时地利人和,才借到了东风。历史上诸葛亮借东风这件事是不存在的,《三国演义》中出现借东风,只是为了丰富人物形象,杜撰出来的。

正史上诸葛亮也没有参与赤壁之战,更没有呼风唤雨之能,指挥赤壁之战的人是周瑜,东风是长江上的一种自然现象,长期在当地操练水军的周瑜和黄盖对什么时候起东风非常清楚,他们聪明地抓住了这一战机打败了曹军。有一点是历史事实,曹操大军在赤壁之战的失败确与风向有关。决战当日,黄盖亲自率领蒙冲斗舰数十艘,装满木柴干草,浇上油脂,并在外面蒙上帷幕,上面再插上军旗,以投降的名义向曹军水上大营进发。曹操不明真相,被黄盖火烧赤壁。对于诸葛亮来说,东风是锦上添花。而对于曹操来说,无疑是雪上加霜。

在这样的故事里我们再一次领略了诸葛亮的神通广大,所谓的设坛祭风带有浓厚的玄学色彩,也只是诸葛亮计谋中的其中一点。在曹操进攻荆州的时候,刘备孙权两家结成了抗曹联盟,其实这也是曹操失败的一大原因,因为我们都知道周瑜和诸葛亮都是有名的谋士,一个曹操自然顶不住两个诸葛亮。

其实后人关于周瑜的描写有点偏激,说周瑜嫉妒诸葛亮,想要除掉诸葛亮,甚至还有过多次交锋,但其实真正历史上并没有这样的说法,而是他们各为其主,忠心不二,甚至于连一次正面交锋都没有,只不过在当时他们都是很厉害的人,而且立场不同,后人才续写了故事。此外周瑜心胸也非常宽广,与演义描写不同。

三国演义赤壁之战TD17正式版怎么获得吕布?

上面说的是以前版本的方法1.7的改过了战气或者怒气到25时候,去高级科研基地旁转转,就会出现神秘商店,战气到25,用2W出刘备;怒气到25,用2W出吕布。

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